Prevalencia de patología dual en el centro de reposo y adicciones (CRA). Cuenca, abril ­ diciembre 2016 / Prevalence of dual pathology at the rest and addiction center (CRA). Cuenca, april - december 2016

Introducción: la patología dual (PD) es la superposición de un trastorno por consumo de sustancias (TCS) y un trastorno psiquiátrico (TP). Diferentes estudios realizados reportan una prevalencia de PD entre el 15% al 80%. El factor causal del consumo de drogas es desconocido y puede estar relacionado con factores intervinientes como la genética, acción de las sustancias, presión de grupo, problemas emocionales, ansiedad, y estrés ambiental. Las comorbilidades psiquiátricas más asociadas al TCS son los trastornos de ansiedad, estado de ánimo, trastornos psicóticos es-trés postraumático, trastornos de conducta, trastornos de personalidad (en especial la personalidad antisocial), trastornos adaptativos, trastornos de los impulsos y trastorno negativista desafiante. Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia de patología dual (PD) en personas con trastornos por consumo de sustancias. Método: es un estudio descriptivo de prevalencia, que aplicó la entrevista diagnóstica estructurada MINI a 133 pacientes con trastorno por consumo de sustancias entre abril a diciembre del 2016. Se aplicó estadística descriptiva. Resultados: la prevalencia de patología dual es del 74.4%, los trastornos más prevalentes fueron: T. ansiedad 56.4%, T. del humor 51.9%. T. anti-social 37.6% y T. psicótico 21.1%; el 91.6% tienen consumo de alcohol (TCA), 51.1 % consumo de otras sustancias (TCS) y 46.6% combinación de ambas. Conclusiones: existe una elevada prevalencia de PT en la Institución, los trastornos más prevalentes son de ansiedad, del humor y antisocial de personalidad.

Introduction: dual pathology (DP) is the superposition of a substance use disorder (SUD) and a psychiatric disorder (PD). Different studies have reported a prevalence of PD between 15% and 80%. The causal factor of drug use is unknown and may be related to intervening factors such as genetics, action of substances, group pressure, emotional problems, anxiety, and environmental stress.The psychiatric comorbidities most associated with the SUD are anxiety disorders, mood, post-traumatic stress psychotic disorders, behavioral disorders, personality disorders (especially antisocial personality), adaptive disorders, impulse disorders and oppositional defiant disorder. Objective: to determine the prevalence of dual pathology (DP) in people with substance use disorders. Method: this is a descriptive prevalence study, which applied the MINI structured diagnostic interview to 133 patients with substance use disorder from April to December 2016. Descriptive statistics were applied. Results: the prevalence of dual pathology is 74.4%, the most prevalent disorders were: T. anxiety 56.4%, T. of humor 51.9%. T. antisocial 37.6% and T. psychotic 21.1%; the 91.6% have alcohol consumption (ACT), 51.1% consumption of other substances (SUD) and 46.6% combination of both. Conclusions: there is a high prevalence of PT in the Institution; the most prevalent disorders are anxiety, humor and antisocial personality.

World Opioid and Substance Use Epidemic: A Latin American Perspective.

The opioid crisis is a growing social and public health phenomenon, particularly in developed countries such as the United States. Since the 1990s, this crisis has shown a variety of causal processes and consequences and has affected quality of life for millions of individuals, families, and communities across the globe. Although abuse of opioid-based painkillers appears to have triggered the epidemic in the United States, in this article, the problem is examined with a focus on Latin America, where drug-associated problems constitute threats to the health and quality of life for large segments of the population. After a review of the history of opium consumption and its consequences in the world and in Latin America, the authors present epidemiological data and information about regional market differences, professional involvement, clinical practices, public health realities, and prevention efforts. Recommendations are made for collaborative efforts to promote prevention policies and measures to improve the situation.